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GenomeSpy

A visualization grammar and a GPU-accelerated rendering engine for genomic (and other) data.

Use GenomeSpy to make custom visualizations or genome browsers. Embed in web applications or Python or JavaScript notebooks.

GenomeSpy provides building blocks for tailored, interactive genomic visualizations. Integrate them into web applications or explore your data in Python notebooks such as Jupyter and marimo, or in Observable. GPU-accelerated WebGL rendering supports smooth zooming and panning through large datasets.

A declarative grammar lets you describe your data, choose graphical marks, and combine views. GenomeSpy builds upon the concepts originally introduced in The Grammar of Graphics and later implemented in ggplot2 and Vega-Lite.

Originally developed to explore large sample collections in cancer genomics research, GenomeSpy has since been used in several publications. Try the interactive genome browser below, or browse more examples.

The Core Building Blocks

data
Your data: Supports multiple formats: CSV, TSV, JSON, Parquet, BAM BED, BEDPE, FASTA, indexed FASTA, BigWig, BigBed, and GFF3.
transform
Transformations: Filter and derive data, perform computations such as pileup or coverage.
scale
Scales: Make the data dimensions suitable for visual representation.
mark
Graphical marks: Use the point mark for a scatter plot or mutations, adapt the rect mark for a bar chart or genomic segments.
channel
Visual channels: Map the scale-transformed data to the properties of the marks. For example: position, size, color, and symbol.
view composition
View composition: Combine multiple views, optionally sharing data and scales. Concatenate, layer, and facet.
view spec
View specification: Put everything together using the grammar. GenomeSpy's visualization grammar is heavily inspired by Vega-Lite, extending it with functionality often needed for genomic data.
Python logo
Python API: Bring interactive genomic visualization into your analysis workflow. Build and combine charts with an Altair-like API, then explore the results in Jupyter or marimo notebooks without writing JSON by hand.

Resources

Publications

GenomeSpy App

GenomeSpy App is a visual analytics application for interactive exploration of multi-sample cancer genomics data. It supports overview-to-detail analysis of large sample collections, allowing users to identify cohort-wide patterns and then inspect individual samples, genomic regions, and outliers in detail.

It builds on the GenomeSpy Core package, enabling extensive customization for different data modalities, including copy-number variation, structural variants, mutations, methylation, continuous genomic signals such as coverage and accessibility, and sample metadata.

The App provides incremental, provenance-aware actions for filtering, grouping, and reorganizing samples, as well as for deriving new attributes from genome-aligned point and segment features. Users can bookmark and share action-defined views as URLs.

Copyright © 2018-2026 Kari Lavikka ( ) and contributors.

GenomeSpy was originally developed in The Systems Biology of Drug Resistance in Cancer group at the University of Helsinki.

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant agreement No. 965193 (DECIDER) and No. 847912 (RESCUER), the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, the Cancer Foundation Finland, and Orion Research Foundation.